Independent Study Program Handbook
This information is intended as a nuts and bolts document for enrolled families to help put the many pieces of the program together and answer common questions all in one place.
Overview and Philosophy
IS was formed to meet the educational goals of families who wished to be highly involved in their students' education, but still benefit from the talent, community, and resources offered by credentialed teachers and an award-winning public school. The parents of students requesting the independent study program at Pacific School should recognize that independent study at the elementary level must include commitment and dedication on their parts.
Pacific Elementary School District understands that children learn in diverse ways and the individual needs of each child are carefully considered. The District recognizes the value of offering an alternative to traditional classroom instruction for families that prefer a home study program, but also desire consistent structure and curriculum, and regular interaction with qualified teachers and other students. In an effort to respond to each student's needs, Pacific School is dedicated to designing and providing a unique program where families, staff, and administration work together to strengthen student achievement and the joy of learning.
Class Schedule/Structure
Students attend classes on Mondays, Tuesdays, and Thursdays. IS students are combined with traditional 5-day students in Pacific School's seven grade-level specific classrooms. The exact schedule for each class is available here.
Class time on Mondays, Tuesdays, and Thursdays focuses on the core subjects of reading, writing, math, science, and social studies. The teachers collaborate and coordinate math class schedules so that first through sixth grade students may travel between grade levels for math as appropriate for their learning needs. Enrichment activities including PE, world language study, art, drama, music, technology, Life Lab (school garden), library, and reading buddies are included on IS days when the schedule allows.
The IS program follows the regular school calendar. IS students participate in the first and last days of school even if they fall on a Wednesday or Friday. Students in 3rd through 6th grades participate in the CAASPP assessment program and other state or locally mandated assessments, which typically requires attending school a few Fridays in May.
Classroom Program Attendance
Families should plan to have their students regularly and consistently attend the core classroom portion of the program (Mondays, Tuesdays, and Thursdays). IS students are expected to follow the same standards for attendance as other students at Pacific Elementary School. If a student is absent for more than 10% of the classroom days (11 days per year) for any reason, including home schooling, an evaluation may be made to determine whether the Independent Study Program is an appropriate placement for this student, or whether the student would be better served by the traditional 5-day program or the Home Study Program. This attendance expectation applies to all students, regardless of academic progress.
This program is not designed to accommodate prolonged or frequent absences from school, as such absences detract from the sense of community and the ability of the student to participate in ongoing lessons and projects. That said, in order to take advantage of unique travel or other opportunities, families may choose home study for their students instead of send them to the classroom program. Families must communicate with the classroom teacher in advance about anticipated absences, and such absences must be limited and occasional. As stated above, students should not miss more than 11 classroom days in a year for all reasons combined.
Families must call the school office by 9:00 a.m. to report any absence and state the reason for the absence from school. Please leave a message on the school's answering machine if calling outside of office hours.
Family Volunteer Participation
IS parents are encouraged to volunteer for Pacific School on a weekly basis, either in the classroom or another significant capacity. Parent volunteers who work around students must be fully vaccinated for COVID-19 and complete the volunteer agreements, which can be found here.
In the classroom, volunteers work with the teacher to figure out a role which best fits the volunteer's interests and skills and supports the teacher's educational goals for the students. Volunteers who are comfortable taking on more responsibility are welcome and encouraged to teach whole units or year-long subject areas to a subset of the class or the whole class. Volunteers who prefer more direction from the teacher are often extremely useful for running a center within the classroom and/or working with individual or small groups of students on specific tasks or skills. Parents can also help supervise students during snack, recess, and lunch.
Parents are not limited to working with the class containing their own student(s). If a parent prefers, they can work with a grade-level or teacher they feel comfortable with, whether or not their student(s) are in that classroom. Non-parent family members are also welcome to volunteer.
Parents can also request tasks that do not involve interacting with students if they prefer. Both teachers and the office often have clerical or administrative tasks that can be done by volunteers. In addition, the Life Lab garden and school grounds always need care and maintenance. Parents who are handy can assist with school repairs.
In addition, there are important roles that IS (or other) parents are needed to fill each year:
Finally, parents can volunteer to participate on Site Council, the Wellness Committee, Friends of FoodLab, and/or Parents' Club (Pacific School Foundation). These are all very important roles that need to be filled for Pacific School to function well and meet it's fundraising goals each year.
Siblings who are not enrolled in Pacific School may not accompany classroom volunteers. Preschool or kindergarten students should not accompany parents who volunteer in the afternoons. Instead, they may be enrolled in the school’s Little Rec program. If at all possible, classroom volunteers are asked to arrange their own trades if they know in advance that they will not be able to be present during a scheduled time.
Although volunteer time is not a requirement for enrollment or continued participation in IS, research has shown that parents becoming involved in their child's education at school is one of the best predictors of the student's future academic success. For the sake of both your student and the continued success of the IS program, we urge all families to find a way to volunteer for the school.
School Meals
Stephanie Raugust created Pacific Elementary School’s award winning lunch program, which is now run by Emelia Miguel. Ms. Emelia incorporates the 5th and 6th grade students in a dynamic FoodLab that consists of cooking instruction, menu prep, and service. All students are served a nutritious snack and lunch each school day at no cost to the family, although students may also bring lunch from home. Lunches are prepared fresh daily and are nutritious and tasty. A vegetarian option is always available and the kitchen makes accommodations for allergies and other dietary restrictions.
Lunches are also available at no cost for all youth age 17 or younger, whether or not they are enrolled at Pacific School. Parents and other adults may also purchase lunches either the day of or in advance in the office. Around the first of each month, families should stop by the office to pay all outstanding bills.
Lunch is a valuable part of the day. Students and teachers converse, practice table manners, and take responsibility for cleaning up. During this time there is also a focus on educating the students concerning food, nutrition, and culture.
Home Study Time
Home study time is an essential and required part of the program. Successful IS families have taken many creative approaches to fulfilling the home study part of the program. However, repeated experience has demonstrated that families who are unable or unwilling to engage in some form of consistent, supervised home study time, do not succeed in the IS program. Online classes and IS field trips (described below) supplement, but do not replace, supervised home study.
Pacific School offers a brief online class for any enrolled student who isn't able to physically attend class each school day. IS students may participate on Wednesdays and Fridays, as well as other days if they are sick, isolating, quarantining, or out of town. Classes are offered by Joy Haas, the IS coordinator, and may include art or science activities, social/emotional learning and check-ins, opportunities for students to share their writing or other accomplishments, etc. Attending online classes is optional but encouraged.
Families and teachers meet at least every three months to discuss student progress and plan for the next period. Teachers offer materials, textbooks, workbooks, curriculum ideas, and training to interested families to support the home study portion of the program.
While there is variation in their approach, teachers (and/or parent volunteers) typically provide students with weekly homework assignments, which should be completed and returned the following week. Subject to the teacher’s approval, families wishing to modify the homework assignments may do so, as long as the modified assignment represents comparable learning experiences.
A typical weekly homework assignment might include some or all of the following:
Parents must provide documentation of home-study in a manner approved by the teacher and district. If students are attending class, completing their in-class assignments, and turning in their weekly homework packets, little or no additional documentation of home study time is likely to be needed. Late assignments cannot be used for attendance credit, but can be used to demonstrate educational progress.
If the student has been absent or not completed their assignments, families may be responsible for providing more extensive documentation of home study. When needed, documentation can take the form of originals or copies of student work, photographs of students engaged in activities, brochures or attendance records of classes, titles or copies of books read, music studied, poems recited, lesson plans followed, etc. Documentation of work is required for each of the following subject areas: language arts (reading, writing, handwriting, grammar, oral skills, etc.), math, science, social studies (foreign language, history, economics, holidays, government, etc.), visual and performing arts (art, music, theater, dance), and P.E.
California education code requires that elementary students, including independent study students, receive 200 minutes of P.E. every 10 school days, which is 1 hour and 40 minutes of P.E. per week. Since class time is very limited in the IS program, meeting this requirement usually needs to be accomplished during home study.
Ongoing failure to complete assignments and/or provide adequate documentation of home-study will result in being removed from the program.
Evaluation
Students do not receive traditional report cards or letter grades. Instead, the regular parent meetings serve as a time for families and teachers to discuss student progress. Students in 3rd-6th grade also participate in state-mandated testing.
If one or more of the following conditions occur, the teacher will convene a meeting with the parent and student to review the student’s learning agreement and reconsider the independent study program’s impact on the student’s achievement and well-being:
Field Trips
There is at least one parent volunteer field trip coordinator for each year. Field trips are scheduled for approximately three Fridays per month.
All field trips are optional. Families are encouraged to participate in the field trip program as their schedules allow, as they represent important educational opportunities and facilitate community building within and between the IS classrooms.
In order to share the workload and ensure a variety of field trips, each family is asked to organize one or two field trips during each school year. Returning families and the field trip coordinators serve as resources for any family who is concerned about organizing a field trip. Most families find that organizing a field trip is not especially difficult or time consuming.
There are limited school funds available for transportation, entrance fees, class fees, field trip scholarships, etc. The field trip coordinator and the school office will have the details.
Families can be asked for a small donation, approximately $5-$10 per student, to cover the cost of a field trip. Field trip funds can be used to offset costs of more expensive trips. Any family for whom the cost of field trips is burdensome or prohibitive should speak with the field trip coordinator about field trip scholarships, which are available.
All students participating in field trips should have a designated chaperone for each trip. The students should know who is their chaperone and the chaperone should know which children for whom they are responsible. Siblings are generally welcome on field trips, if they are appropriately supervised.
IS students who participate in field trips should provide documentation of their participation and learning to submit to their teachers. Trip organizers should plan and facilitate documentation.
Transportation
Families are welcome to network and generate carpools. Families who participate in carpools of any kind should make sure that the names of ALL adults authorized to pick up their child from school are on file in the school office. In addition, all adults who drive other family's students to or from school or field trips should complete the field trip driver paperwork (which can be found here) with the school office at the beginning of each year.
A city bus runs from Westside Santa Cruz to Davenport at a convenient time to bring students to school. The bus is free for students under 46 inches and costs $2.00 per trip otherwise. Various bus cards and passes are available from the Metro Center.
Families, especially of younger students, take turns riding the bus with the students as a bus chaperone, and walk the students from the street to the school. Bus chaperones can catch the return bus into Santa Cruz a few minutes after dropping the students off at school. There is a parent volunteer bus chaperone coordinator.
Relationship with Regular Program and After School Activities
School Board Policy specifies that all programs available to 5-day students are also available to IS students.
IS families must provide the same enrollment, health and emergency forms as other Pacific Elementary School students to the main office. IS students must meet the state-mandated requirements for vaccinations and submit appropriate proof to the office before attending the program.
IS students are welcome to participate in Pacific School’s after-school recreation programs.
Communication
The school office publishes a school-wide memo which includes important information relevant to all families, including IS. Everyone is encouraged to read each memo promptly to stay informed about school-wide events, news, and procedures.
Communication among IS families is facilitated by Google group email lists and traditional family contact lists.
Group email lists should be used for IS-related information relevant to everyone who will be receiving the email, such as field trip, bus, and other logistics. Communications between individuals, with teachers or administration, of a more complex nature, or not directly related to the IS program, should be conducted by personal email, phone, or face-to-face. Information relevant to a sub-group (such as the 4th grade math group) should be sent only to the relevant families.
Pacific Elementary School is committed to addressing issues effectively and maintaining open and high-quality communications. Families are encouraged to share questions, suggestions, or concerns directly with the relevant people, teachers, or administrators.
Parents’ Club and Friends of FoodLab
Parents’ Club (officially the Pacific School Foundation) partially or fully funds many of the programs that make Pacific School unique, including Life Lab, the school library, music, and drama. These programs benefit both Independent Study and 5-day students.
Parents’ Club relies on sufficient participation by Pacific School families each year to conduct its fundraising activities and maintain these programs. Most years, there are many vacant volunteer and officer positions in Parents’ Club, and potentially amazing programs remain unfunded.
Friends of FoodLab is a separate organization which supports our amazing FoodLab program. Friends of FoodLab sponsors a major Farm-to-Table fundraiser dinner each fall, as well as other minor fundraisers during the year.
Pacific School asks all families to contribute significant volunteer time, financial resources, or both to Parents’ Club and/or Friends of FoodLab to support the educational programs that make Pacific School a rich and varied learning environment for its students.
Overview and Philosophy
IS was formed to meet the educational goals of families who wished to be highly involved in their students' education, but still benefit from the talent, community, and resources offered by credentialed teachers and an award-winning public school. The parents of students requesting the independent study program at Pacific School should recognize that independent study at the elementary level must include commitment and dedication on their parts.
Pacific Elementary School District understands that children learn in diverse ways and the individual needs of each child are carefully considered. The District recognizes the value of offering an alternative to traditional classroom instruction for families that prefer a home study program, but also desire consistent structure and curriculum, and regular interaction with qualified teachers and other students. In an effort to respond to each student's needs, Pacific School is dedicated to designing and providing a unique program where families, staff, and administration work together to strengthen student achievement and the joy of learning.
Class Schedule/Structure
Students attend classes on Mondays, Tuesdays, and Thursdays. IS students are combined with traditional 5-day students in Pacific School's seven grade-level specific classrooms. The exact schedule for each class is available here.
Class time on Mondays, Tuesdays, and Thursdays focuses on the core subjects of reading, writing, math, science, and social studies. The teachers collaborate and coordinate math class schedules so that first through sixth grade students may travel between grade levels for math as appropriate for their learning needs. Enrichment activities including PE, world language study, art, drama, music, technology, Life Lab (school garden), library, and reading buddies are included on IS days when the schedule allows.
The IS program follows the regular school calendar. IS students participate in the first and last days of school even if they fall on a Wednesday or Friday. Students in 3rd through 6th grades participate in the CAASPP assessment program and other state or locally mandated assessments, which typically requires attending school a few Fridays in May.
Classroom Program Attendance
Families should plan to have their students regularly and consistently attend the core classroom portion of the program (Mondays, Tuesdays, and Thursdays). IS students are expected to follow the same standards for attendance as other students at Pacific Elementary School. If a student is absent for more than 10% of the classroom days (11 days per year) for any reason, including home schooling, an evaluation may be made to determine whether the Independent Study Program is an appropriate placement for this student, or whether the student would be better served by the traditional 5-day program or the Home Study Program. This attendance expectation applies to all students, regardless of academic progress.
This program is not designed to accommodate prolonged or frequent absences from school, as such absences detract from the sense of community and the ability of the student to participate in ongoing lessons and projects. That said, in order to take advantage of unique travel or other opportunities, families may choose home study for their students instead of send them to the classroom program. Families must communicate with the classroom teacher in advance about anticipated absences, and such absences must be limited and occasional. As stated above, students should not miss more than 11 classroom days in a year for all reasons combined.
Families must call the school office by 9:00 a.m. to report any absence and state the reason for the absence from school. Please leave a message on the school's answering machine if calling outside of office hours.
Family Volunteer Participation
IS parents are encouraged to volunteer for Pacific School on a weekly basis, either in the classroom or another significant capacity. Parent volunteers who work around students must be fully vaccinated for COVID-19 and complete the volunteer agreements, which can be found here.
In the classroom, volunteers work with the teacher to figure out a role which best fits the volunteer's interests and skills and supports the teacher's educational goals for the students. Volunteers who are comfortable taking on more responsibility are welcome and encouraged to teach whole units or year-long subject areas to a subset of the class or the whole class. Volunteers who prefer more direction from the teacher are often extremely useful for running a center within the classroom and/or working with individual or small groups of students on specific tasks or skills. Parents can also help supervise students during snack, recess, and lunch.
Parents are not limited to working with the class containing their own student(s). If a parent prefers, they can work with a grade-level or teacher they feel comfortable with, whether or not their student(s) are in that classroom. Non-parent family members are also welcome to volunteer.
Parents can also request tasks that do not involve interacting with students if they prefer. Both teachers and the office often have clerical or administrative tasks that can be done by volunteers. In addition, the Life Lab garden and school grounds always need care and maintenance. Parents who are handy can assist with school repairs.
In addition, there are important roles that IS (or other) parents are needed to fill each year:
- IS field trip coordinator. This person helps schedule and organize Friday field trips and two yearly camping trips
- Bus chaperon coordinator. This person helps schedule an adult chaperone to ride the city bus up to Davenport each school day.
- Carpool coordinator(s). These people help organize carpools in the afternoons home from Pacific School. This task is usually busiest right before school starts.
Finally, parents can volunteer to participate on Site Council, the Wellness Committee, Friends of FoodLab, and/or Parents' Club (Pacific School Foundation). These are all very important roles that need to be filled for Pacific School to function well and meet it's fundraising goals each year.
Siblings who are not enrolled in Pacific School may not accompany classroom volunteers. Preschool or kindergarten students should not accompany parents who volunteer in the afternoons. Instead, they may be enrolled in the school’s Little Rec program. If at all possible, classroom volunteers are asked to arrange their own trades if they know in advance that they will not be able to be present during a scheduled time.
Although volunteer time is not a requirement for enrollment or continued participation in IS, research has shown that parents becoming involved in their child's education at school is one of the best predictors of the student's future academic success. For the sake of both your student and the continued success of the IS program, we urge all families to find a way to volunteer for the school.
School Meals
Stephanie Raugust created Pacific Elementary School’s award winning lunch program, which is now run by Emelia Miguel. Ms. Emelia incorporates the 5th and 6th grade students in a dynamic FoodLab that consists of cooking instruction, menu prep, and service. All students are served a nutritious snack and lunch each school day at no cost to the family, although students may also bring lunch from home. Lunches are prepared fresh daily and are nutritious and tasty. A vegetarian option is always available and the kitchen makes accommodations for allergies and other dietary restrictions.
Lunches are also available at no cost for all youth age 17 or younger, whether or not they are enrolled at Pacific School. Parents and other adults may also purchase lunches either the day of or in advance in the office. Around the first of each month, families should stop by the office to pay all outstanding bills.
Lunch is a valuable part of the day. Students and teachers converse, practice table manners, and take responsibility for cleaning up. During this time there is also a focus on educating the students concerning food, nutrition, and culture.
Home Study Time
Home study time is an essential and required part of the program. Successful IS families have taken many creative approaches to fulfilling the home study part of the program. However, repeated experience has demonstrated that families who are unable or unwilling to engage in some form of consistent, supervised home study time, do not succeed in the IS program. Online classes and IS field trips (described below) supplement, but do not replace, supervised home study.
Pacific School offers a brief online class for any enrolled student who isn't able to physically attend class each school day. IS students may participate on Wednesdays and Fridays, as well as other days if they are sick, isolating, quarantining, or out of town. Classes are offered by Joy Haas, the IS coordinator, and may include art or science activities, social/emotional learning and check-ins, opportunities for students to share their writing or other accomplishments, etc. Attending online classes is optional but encouraged.
Families and teachers meet at least every three months to discuss student progress and plan for the next period. Teachers offer materials, textbooks, workbooks, curriculum ideas, and training to interested families to support the home study portion of the program.
While there is variation in their approach, teachers (and/or parent volunteers) typically provide students with weekly homework assignments, which should be completed and returned the following week. Subject to the teacher’s approval, families wishing to modify the homework assignments may do so, as long as the modified assignment represents comparable learning experiences.
A typical weekly homework assignment might include some or all of the following:
- Reading and keeping a reading log
- Working on or completing a writing assignment
- Completing language arts activities
- Completing math activities
- Logging PE time and activities (1 hour 40 minutes minimum per week)
- Documenting IS field trips or other special classes attended
Parents must provide documentation of home-study in a manner approved by the teacher and district. If students are attending class, completing their in-class assignments, and turning in their weekly homework packets, little or no additional documentation of home study time is likely to be needed. Late assignments cannot be used for attendance credit, but can be used to demonstrate educational progress.
If the student has been absent or not completed their assignments, families may be responsible for providing more extensive documentation of home study. When needed, documentation can take the form of originals or copies of student work, photographs of students engaged in activities, brochures or attendance records of classes, titles or copies of books read, music studied, poems recited, lesson plans followed, etc. Documentation of work is required for each of the following subject areas: language arts (reading, writing, handwriting, grammar, oral skills, etc.), math, science, social studies (foreign language, history, economics, holidays, government, etc.), visual and performing arts (art, music, theater, dance), and P.E.
California education code requires that elementary students, including independent study students, receive 200 minutes of P.E. every 10 school days, which is 1 hour and 40 minutes of P.E. per week. Since class time is very limited in the IS program, meeting this requirement usually needs to be accomplished during home study.
Ongoing failure to complete assignments and/or provide adequate documentation of home-study will result in being removed from the program.
Evaluation
Students do not receive traditional report cards or letter grades. Instead, the regular parent meetings serve as a time for families and teachers to discuss student progress. Students in 3rd-6th grade also participate in state-mandated testing.
If one or more of the following conditions occur, the teacher will convene a meeting with the parent and student to review the student’s learning agreement and reconsider the independent study program’s impact on the student’s achievement and well-being:
- The student fails to make satisfactory educational progress.
- The student misses three or more assignments within one week.
- The student has three or more unexcused absences from synchronous or in-person classes, teacher meetings, small-group instructional meetings, or tutoring sessions within two weeks.
Field Trips
There is at least one parent volunteer field trip coordinator for each year. Field trips are scheduled for approximately three Fridays per month.
All field trips are optional. Families are encouraged to participate in the field trip program as their schedules allow, as they represent important educational opportunities and facilitate community building within and between the IS classrooms.
In order to share the workload and ensure a variety of field trips, each family is asked to organize one or two field trips during each school year. Returning families and the field trip coordinators serve as resources for any family who is concerned about organizing a field trip. Most families find that organizing a field trip is not especially difficult or time consuming.
There are limited school funds available for transportation, entrance fees, class fees, field trip scholarships, etc. The field trip coordinator and the school office will have the details.
Families can be asked for a small donation, approximately $5-$10 per student, to cover the cost of a field trip. Field trip funds can be used to offset costs of more expensive trips. Any family for whom the cost of field trips is burdensome or prohibitive should speak with the field trip coordinator about field trip scholarships, which are available.
All students participating in field trips should have a designated chaperone for each trip. The students should know who is their chaperone and the chaperone should know which children for whom they are responsible. Siblings are generally welcome on field trips, if they are appropriately supervised.
IS students who participate in field trips should provide documentation of their participation and learning to submit to their teachers. Trip organizers should plan and facilitate documentation.
Transportation
Families are welcome to network and generate carpools. Families who participate in carpools of any kind should make sure that the names of ALL adults authorized to pick up their child from school are on file in the school office. In addition, all adults who drive other family's students to or from school or field trips should complete the field trip driver paperwork (which can be found here) with the school office at the beginning of each year.
A city bus runs from Westside Santa Cruz to Davenport at a convenient time to bring students to school. The bus is free for students under 46 inches and costs $2.00 per trip otherwise. Various bus cards and passes are available from the Metro Center.
Families, especially of younger students, take turns riding the bus with the students as a bus chaperone, and walk the students from the street to the school. Bus chaperones can catch the return bus into Santa Cruz a few minutes after dropping the students off at school. There is a parent volunteer bus chaperone coordinator.
Relationship with Regular Program and After School Activities
School Board Policy specifies that all programs available to 5-day students are also available to IS students.
IS families must provide the same enrollment, health and emergency forms as other Pacific Elementary School students to the main office. IS students must meet the state-mandated requirements for vaccinations and submit appropriate proof to the office before attending the program.
IS students are welcome to participate in Pacific School’s after-school recreation programs.
Communication
The school office publishes a school-wide memo which includes important information relevant to all families, including IS. Everyone is encouraged to read each memo promptly to stay informed about school-wide events, news, and procedures.
Communication among IS families is facilitated by Google group email lists and traditional family contact lists.
Group email lists should be used for IS-related information relevant to everyone who will be receiving the email, such as field trip, bus, and other logistics. Communications between individuals, with teachers or administration, of a more complex nature, or not directly related to the IS program, should be conducted by personal email, phone, or face-to-face. Information relevant to a sub-group (such as the 4th grade math group) should be sent only to the relevant families.
Pacific Elementary School is committed to addressing issues effectively and maintaining open and high-quality communications. Families are encouraged to share questions, suggestions, or concerns directly with the relevant people, teachers, or administrators.
Parents’ Club and Friends of FoodLab
Parents’ Club (officially the Pacific School Foundation) partially or fully funds many of the programs that make Pacific School unique, including Life Lab, the school library, music, and drama. These programs benefit both Independent Study and 5-day students.
Parents’ Club relies on sufficient participation by Pacific School families each year to conduct its fundraising activities and maintain these programs. Most years, there are many vacant volunteer and officer positions in Parents’ Club, and potentially amazing programs remain unfunded.
Friends of FoodLab is a separate organization which supports our amazing FoodLab program. Friends of FoodLab sponsors a major Farm-to-Table fundraiser dinner each fall, as well as other minor fundraisers during the year.
Pacific School asks all families to contribute significant volunteer time, financial resources, or both to Parents’ Club and/or Friends of FoodLab to support the educational programs that make Pacific School a rich and varied learning environment for its students.